Mountaineering
Mountaineering
The Sport of walking, hiking, trekking and climbing up mountains is known as Mountaineering. Also known as Alpinisim it has branched out into specializations like rock craft, snow craft and skiing.Fitness of body and mind along with good athletic and technical ability is required to conquer this sport.
Ötzi the Iceman, was the first person to land at 3000ft, about 5,300years ago.Also known as Frozen Fritz, his well preserved Mummy was found in 1991 in the Schnalstal glacier in the Ötztal Alps, between Austria and Italy. It is considered to be the beginning of the Sport called the Mountaineering.
The world’s highest mountain (above mean sea level), Mount Everest (8,848 m) was first climbed on May 29, 1953 by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay from the south side in Nepal.
» Snow : Rough, hard snow with spikes is one of the major dangers which one encounters. For such hard non – crushed snow, Crampons 10-12 point spikes which are attached to the mountain boots are used on the hard snow. Snow Shoes can be used to wlk through the deep snow, skis can be used everywhere boots can be used.
» Ice : Ice can be dangerous in the sense if one slips, then there is no stoppage. But then there are methods to stop the Snow. Pickets or screws can be used if the terrain is slippery. Each climber on the team must clippast the anchorand the last climber picks up the picket. This is known as Simul – Climbing. If the terrain is vertical then normal ice climbimg technique is used.
» Glaciers Crevasses : These ( deep slits or chasms) are a g reat danger while walking on Glaciers. These giant cracks are not always avialable as the snow can be blown and makes the difference impossible for the ametures to decide.For this Crampons and Ice Axes are used. The team of two to five climbers tie themselves into a rope equally spaced. The members of the team enact a Crevasse rescue to the fallen climer, if any.
Avlanches : These are the biggest dangers in the ice clad mountains.There are two types of avlanches:
# » Hard slab avalanche : Formed by hard packed snow in cohesive slabs which are very hard to break, sometimes impossible.It results in large blocks tumbling down the mountain.
» Soft Slab Avlanche : This sort of Avlanche ice tends to break easily. It is very dangerous one as it can knock down th eclimber instantlyor sweep them over a cliff into a terrain trap.